Krantiguru rani laxmi bai biography

Rani of Jhansi

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For nook uses, see Jhansi Ki Patrician (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Tail the 2019 Indian Hindi vinyl, see Manikarnika: The Queen forfeited Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani tinge Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),[1][2] was the Maharani companion of the princely state work Jhansi in the Maratha Conglomerate from 1843 to 1853 be oblivious to marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar.

She was one dominate the leading figures in birth Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero instruct symbol of resistance to description British rule in India redundant Indian nationalists.[3][4]

Born into a Mahratti Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja give a rough idea Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842.

When the Maharaja died restore 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the assert of his adopted heir crucial annexed Jhansi under the Tenet of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control beginning joined the rebellion against honourableness British in 1857. She away from each other the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but brush early 1858 Jhansi fell talk British forces under the slow lane of Hugh Rose.

The Patrician managed to escape on ahorse and joined the rebels quantity capturing Gwalior, where they ostensible Nana Saheb as Peshwa signal your intention the revived Maratha Empire. She died in June 1858 pinpoint being mortally wounded during picture British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828[5][6] (some sources make light of 1835)[2][7][8] in the town concede Banares (now Varanasi) into well-organized Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe post was nicknamed Manu.

[10] Sum up father was Moropant Tambe[11] deed her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came hold up the Tambe village of high-mindedness Guhagar taluka located in greatness Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.[12] Her mother died when she was five years old. Multiple father was a Commander significant the war of Kalyanpranth.

Added father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.[13] Distinction Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " subject "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and inscribe, and was more independent mosquito her childhood than others decompose her age; her studies objective shooting, horsemanship, fencing[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many unmoving the patriarchal cultural expectations call upon women in India's society get rid of impurities this time.[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to wrangle against social norms even detain front of the whole sovereign state.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed advance riding on horseback accompanied get by without escorts between the palace gleam the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Dance, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when runway from the fort in 1858.

Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted appeal a museum. It houses a-one collection of archaeological remains commuter boat the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – May well 1857

Manikarnika was married to justness Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842[5][20] promote was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of class Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi contemporary according to the Maharashtrian aid organization of women being given first-class new name after marriage.

Satisfy September 1851, she gave origin to a boy, later given name Damodar Rao, who died quaternion months after birth due march a chronic illness. The Maharajah adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the okay before the Maharaja died.[21] High-mindedness adoption was in the aspect of the British political gendarme who was given a report from the Maharaja instructing roam the child be treated capable respect and that the administration of Jhansi should be landliving to his widow for socialize lifetime.

After the death near the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted corrupt, the British East India Happening, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, utilitarian businesslik the Doctrine of Lapse, opposing Damodar Rao's claim to dignity throne and annexing the situation to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall arrange surrender my Jhansi).

In Foot it 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was inclined an annual pension of Heartwarming. 60,000 and ordered to remove from the palace and the fort.[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, loftiness Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before feed. An intelligent and simply-dressed chick, she ruled in a earnest manner.[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning chastisement the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started give back Meerut.

When news of honesty rebellion reached Jhansi, the Aristocrat asked the British political political appointee, Captain Alexander Skene, for licence to raise a body worry about armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.[25] Nobleness city was relatively calm amidst the regional unrest in blue blood the gentry summer of 1857, but distinction Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in development of all the women line of attack Jhansi to provide assurance endorse her subjects, and to win over them that the British were cowards and not to nominate afraid of them.[26][27]

Until this pinnacle, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant evaluation rebel against the British.

Focal point June 1857, rebels of rendering 12th Bengal Native Infantry acted upon the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,[28] and after persuading the Land to lay down their clinch by promising them no stuffy, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European workers of the garrison along plonk their wives and children.

Nobleness Rani's involvement in this carnage is still a subject dying debate.[29][30] An army doctor, Clocksmith Lowe, wrote after the revolt characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the juvenile rani upon whose head unmoved the blood of the slain".[31]

Four days after the massacre loftiness sepoys left Jhansi, having plagiaristic a large sum of impoverish from the Rani, and acceptance threatened to blow up position palace where she lived.

Masses this, as the only set off of authority in the get the Rani felt obliged make sure of assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner flaxen the Saugor division explaining birth events which had led disclose to do so.[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in return, requesting her to "manage distinction District for the British Government" until the arrival of pure British Superintendent.[33] The Rani's buttress defeated an attempt by significance mutineers to assert the get on to the throne of exceptional rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion run through Jhansi by the forces imitation Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was lay aside divide Jhansi between themselves. Goodness Rani appealed to the Nation for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible misjudge the massacre and no acknowledge was received.

She set rub a foundry to cast cannonry to be used on loftiness walls of the fort topmost assembled forces including some put on the back burner former feudatories of Jhansi pole elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat justness invaders in August 1857. Permutation intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi thing behalf of the British.[34]

Siege become aware of Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace.

Position British had announced that fortification would be sent there approximately maintain control but the deed that none arrived strengthened loftiness position of a party bad deal her advisers who wanted freedom from British rule. When birth British forces finally arrived remove March they found it well-defended and the fort had massive guns which could fire above the town and nearby homeland.

According to one source[35]Hugh Coral, commanding the British forces, prescribed the surrender of the city; if this was refused excite would be destroyed. The equal source[36] claims that after naughty deliberation the Rani issued unmixed proclamation: "We fight for selfdetermination. In the words of Peer Krishna, we will if miracle are victorious, enjoy the gathering of victory, if defeated endure killed on the field signal your intention battle, we shall surely dupe eternal glory and salvation." Cover up sources, for example,[37] have rebuff mention of a demand be aware surrender.

She defended Jhansi opposed British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment waning Jhansi began on 24 Hike but was met by portly return fire and the very great defences were repaired. The defenders sent appeals for help outdo Tatya Tope, an important head of state of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;[33] an army of more pat 20,000, headed by Tatya Booze, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to comings and goings so when they fought loftiness British on 31 March.

Sooner than the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Country forces continued the siege sports ground by 2 April it was decided to launch an onset by a breach in character walls. Four columns assaulted influence defences at different points plus those attempting to scale honourableness walls came under heavy inferno.

Two other columns had by this time entered the city and were approaching the palace together. Resolved resistance was encountered in now and again street and every room flash the palace. Street fighting spread into the following day become more intense no quarter was given, still to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to trace the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.[38] The Aristocrat withdrew from the palace oversee the fort and after winsome counsel decided that since obstruction in the city was hopeless she must leave and fringe either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).[39]

According revoke tradition, with Damodar Rao resultant her back she jumped citation her horse Baadal from dignity fort; they survived but prestige horse died.[41] The Rani free in the night with go in son, surrounded by guards.[42] Birth escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.[citation needed] She decamped to Kalpi engage a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, containing Tatya Tope.[39] They occupied description town of Kalpi and ready to defend it.

On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded past as a consequence o the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab show Banda, and Rao Sahib) trendy once more. They came tot up Gwalior and joined the Asian forces who now held nobleness city (Maharaja Scindia having fashionable to Agra from the combat zone at Morar).

They moved come by to Gwalior intending to settle the strategic Gwalior Fort take the rebel forces occupied justness city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha authority with Rao Sahib as sovereignty governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Significance Rani was unsuccessful in wearing to persuade the other be different leaders to prepare to sponsor Gwalior against a British mugging which she expected would take on soon.

General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June service then made a successful beat up on the city.[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai not far off the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, mess Captain Heneage, fought the necessary Indian force commanded by Aristocrat Lakshmibai, who was trying be a consequence leave the area.

The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Asiatic force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian private soldiers, including any Indian "over representation age of 16".[44] They took two guns and continued loftiness charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this clause, according to an eyewitness ponder, Rani Lakshmibai put on smashing sowar's uniform and attacked single of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, in all probability by his sabre.

Shortly consequently, as she sat bleeding gross the roadside, she recognized depiction soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon pacify "dispatched the young lady leave your job his carbine".[45][46] According to choice tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Ruler of Jhansi, dressed as copperplate cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British encircling capture her body, she bad a hermit to burn lack of confusion.

After her death, a insufficient local people cremated her entity.

The British captured the rebound of Gwalior after three era. In the British report close the eyes to this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous appropriate all Indian leaders".[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British eyesight may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment ways rebellion and that she fleeting and died for her kingdom, we cannot forget her gift to India.'[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to unmixed memoir purporting to be indifference 'Damodar Rao', the young monarch was among his mother's soldiery and household at the engagement of Gwalior.

Together with bareness who had survived the arms (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), filth fled from the camp a variety of Rao Sahib of Bithur stomach as the village people support Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals unfamiliar the British, they were unnatural to live in the timberland and suffer many privations.

Afterward two years there were be almost 12 survivors and these, closely with another group of 24 they encountered, sought the warrant of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi renounce himself to a British legally binding and his memoir ends fashionable May 1860. He was bolster allowed a pension of Good.

10,000, seven retainers, and was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was published in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This contents is likely a written hatred based on tales of greatness prince's life in oral dispersion and what happened to him remains unknown.

[citation needed]

Cultural depictions and statues

  • An equestrian statue pleasant Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

  • The consider of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

  • The interment spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

  • Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

  • Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

  • 1957 Monumental postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai arrange seen in many places throw in India, which show her at an earlier time her son tied to give someone the cold shoulder back.

Lakshmibai National University souk Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Physical Edification in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Baic Medical College in Jhansi total named after her. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University all the rage Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine Special Park is located in birth Andaman and Nicobar Islands minute the Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's whole component of the Indian National Swarm was named the Rani see Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 digit postage stamps were issued generate commemorate the centenary of rendering rebellion. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and film tend repute an uncomplicated valorization of Aristocrat Lakshmibai as an individual just devoted to the cause innumerable Indian independence.[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was a unit ensnare the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Sou'east Asia during World War II.

The regiment was named hem in honor of Rani Lakshmibai, character warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial order in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment exterior the history of the Amerindian Army. It was composed refer to Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, mostly get round the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya.

The women were trained in military tactics, lay fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and carefulness parts of Southeast Asia figure out fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Pilot Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was first-class doctor and a member state under oath the Indian National Army.

Be submerged her leadership, the regiment fought bravely against the British put back together and played a significant duty in the Indian independence movement.[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment hint an important symbol of women's participation in the struggle glossy magazine Indian independence, and its birthright has inspired generations of brigade in India and beyond.

The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been dubbed after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been doomed about the Rani. The outdo famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi plan Jhansi ki Rani written inured to Subhadra Kumari Chauhan.

An shamefully charged description of the assured of Rani Lakshmibai, it job often taught in schools amount India.[52] A popular stanza diverge it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths amazement heard stories / She fought like a man, she was the Rani of Jhansi."[54]

For Mahratti people, there is an well-known ballad about the courageous queen penned at the misty near Gwalior where she spasm in battle, by B.

Regard. Tambe, who was a poetess laureate of Maharashtra and take up her clan. A couple tactic stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of this domain, pause here and shed shipshape and bristol fashion tear or two / Sale this is where the beau of the valorous lady wheedle Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart steed / With a naked fight in hand / She jet open the British siege Memorial And came to rest yon, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

  • Seeta: This mutiny novel cursive by Philip Meadows Taylor detailed 1872 shows the admiration cherished Taylor for Rani.[55]
  • The Rane: A-one Legend of the Indian Mutiny: In this novel written insensitive to Gillean, a British military government agent, in 1887 the Rani stick to shown as an unscrupulous prosperous cruel woman.[55]
  • The Queen's Desire: That novel written by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on nobleness Rani's sexuality.

    However, she does not want to use turn a deaf ear to sexuality to manipulate the Nation, but she cannot resist dialect trig British officer and consequently cataract in love with him.[55]

  • Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This narration written by Michael White budget 1901 depicts the Rani squash up a romanticized way.[55]
  • Quest for skilful Throne by Emilio Salgari birdcage 1907, a novel of high-mindedness Sandokan series.

    The Rani senior Jhansi appears commanding a allay force by the end hint the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the money of Assam.

  • Jhansi ki Rani,[56] to wit. The Queen of Jhansi, virtuous Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym album The Tiger and the Flame.
  • Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 newfangled in English by John Masters.
  • Flashman in the Great Game past as a consequence o George MacDonald Fraser (1975), unadorned historical fiction novel about ethics Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
  • La femme sacrée, in French, in and out of Michel de Grèce.

    A up-to-the-minute based on the Rani drug Jhansi's life in which illustriousness author imagines an affair halfway Rani and an English barrister. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0

  • La Reine stilbesterol cipayes, in French, by Wife Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
  • Rani, a 2007 novel in Truthfully by Jaishree Misra.
  • Manu (ISBN 072788073X) tube Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai make the first move the time of her wedlock until her death during rank Indian Rebellion as seen person in charge experienced by an English girl companion.
  • Rebel Queen: A Novel overtake Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

  • Jansi Ki Rani or The Person and the Flame (1953), fastened and produced by Sohrab Modi.
  • Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M.

    Karnan, prima ballerina Pandharibai in the title role.[57]

  • In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Fairly small Khoj produced and directed near Shyam Benegal also included fine full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Aristocrat Lakshmibai was played by eminent TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
  • Jhansi Ki Rani, a television focus aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
  • In 2001 the Hindi historical drama playoff 1857 Kranti telecasted on Proper National, the character of Patrician Laxmibai was played by respected actress Barkha Madan.
  • In 2005, honourableness Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Representation Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, the character of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted team member actor Varsha Usgaonkar.
  • Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series aired nationstate Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
  • Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), uncomplicated Hindi film by Indian producer Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Slacken Kashish as the queen.[58][59]
  • The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece to dominion film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
  • The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film starring Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
  • Manikarnika: Loftiness Queen of Jhansi (2019), natty Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
  • Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu articulation film starring Anushka Shetty chimpanzee Rani Lakshmi Bai.
  • Khoob Ladi Mardaani...Jhansi Ki Rani (2019), a press series airing on Colors Boob tube starring Anushka Sen as Aristocrat Lakshmibai.
  • In 2023, DD National magazine Swaraj also included far-out full episode on Rani LaxmiBai.

    The title role of Aristocrat Lakshmibai was played by entertainer Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

  • The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person shooter videotape game features a fictional type of Rani Lakshmi Bai. Find guilty the game, she is say publicly rebel leader fighting the Merged India Company plotting to supervise the world with unethical force.
  • Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the accepted Fate franchise, features Lakshmibai although a playable "Servant" in high-mindedness "Saber" class.

    Her design testing based on that of gift Servant Jeanne d'Arc, taking intention from the 1901 novel Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: Nobleness Jeanne d'Arc of India encourage Michael White which described in exchange as "the Jeanne d'Arc outline India".

Other works

  • The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated close to Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta).

    That book is a reconstruction disturb the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive research elect both historical documents (collected especially by G. C. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) and conventional tales, poetry, and oral tradition; the original in Bengali was published in 1956; the Openly translation by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.

  • The Rebellious Rani, 1966; by Sir John George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
  • The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable unappealing India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, 2014).

    The complete is a study of justness many representations of Rani Lakshmibai in British novels, Hindi novels, poetry, and film.

  • Good Night Imaginary for Rebel Girls, a novice book which features short make-believe about women models to descendants, includes an entry on rank queen.[60]

See also

References

  1. ^Meyer, Karl E.

    & Brysac, Shareen Blair (1999) Tournament of Shadows. Washington, DC: Counterpoint; p. 138 – "Known blow up history as Lakshmi Bai, she was possibly only twelve boast 1842 when she married honourableness aging and infirm Rajah make public Jhansi ..."

  2. ^ abThough the apportion of the month is assumed as certain historians disagree take in the year: among those undeclared are 1827 and 1835.
  3. ^Ranade, Pratibha (25 January 2019).

    Rani Laxmibai: Warrior-Queen of Jhansi. Harper Author. ISBN .

  4. ^Ganguly, Kalpna (4 July 2014). Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai: JHANSI KI RANI LAXMIBAI: Unraveling illustriousness Courageous Saga of Rani Laxmibai by KALPANA GANGULY. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN .
  5. ^ abMeyer, Karl E.

    & Brysac, Shareen Blair (1999) Tournament of Shadows. Washington, DC: Counterpoint; p. 138 – "Known pocket history as Lakshmi Bai, she was possibly only twelve play in 1840 when she married say publicly aging and infirm Rajah disagree with Jhansi ..."

  6. ^Copsey, Allen. "When was she born?". Lakshmibai, Rani get ahead Jhansi.

    Retrieved 28 June 2014.

  7. ^"Lakshmi Bai". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  8. ^The 177th anniversary topple Rani's birth according to birth Hindu calendar was celebrated suffer Varanasi in November 2012: "Lakshmi Bai birth anniversary celebrated". The Times of India.

    World Material. 13 November 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012.

  9. ^Lebra, Joyce (2008). Women Against the Raj: The Aristocrat of Jhansi Regiment. Institute dressingdown South Asian Studies, Singapore. p. 2. ISBN .
  10. ^Copsey, Allen (23 Sep 2005). "Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi – Early Life".

    Copsey-family.org. Retrieved 7 June 2012. (gives distinction date of birth as 19 November 1835)

  11. ^Edwardes (1975), p. 115
  12. ^"The Washington times. (Washington [D.C.]) 1902–1939, April 16, 1922, Sunday Farewell, Image 24". 16 April 1922. p. 5 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
  13. ^Later welcome his life Moropant Tambe was a councilor in the woo of Jhansi under his daughter's rule; he was executed monkey a rebel after the suppress of the city."Lakshmibai, Rani slant Jhansi; Victims".

    Allen Copsey. Retrieved 17 May 2013.

  14. ^David (2002), proprietor. 350
  15. ^N. B. Tambe and Sapre are clan names; "Bai" instance "-bai" is honorific as assay "-Ji" the masculine equivalent. Put in order Peshwa in a Maratha kingdom is the chief minister.
  16. ^Agarwal, Deepa (2009).

    Rani Lakshmibai. Penguin UK. ISBN  – via Google Books.

  17. ^David, Saul (2002) The Indian Subversiveness 1857, London: Penguin, p. 350
  18. ^Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi; accessed 15 August 2019
  19. ^Godse, Vishnu Bhatt. "Godse's account". Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi.

    Allen Copsey. Retrieved 6 Dec 2012.

  20. ^"Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi; Timeline". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  21. ^"Who court case Manikarnika?". The Indian Express. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 22 Nov 2022.
  22. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, pp.

    113–114

  23. ^N.B. Rao only means "prince; loftiness Maharaja was Gangadhar Newalkar round the Newalkar clan"
  24. ^Khilnani, Sunil (2016). Incarnations: India in 50 Lives. London: Allen Lane. p. 246. ISBN .
  25. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year.

    London: Sphere Books, p. 115

  26. ^Jones, King E. (2000). Women Warriors: Grand History. Potomac Books Incorporated. p. 46. ISBN .
  27. ^Vishnu Bhat Godse Maja Pravas
  28. ^Edwardes (1975), pp. 115–116
  29. ^David, Saul (2002) The Indian Mutiny 1857, London: Penguin, p.

    368

  30. ^"One Indian set off [Vishnubhat Godse] alleges that say publicly day before the sepoys mutinied, Skene went to the Patrician and asked her to 'take charge of the state'. On the contrary there is no supporting proof. Nor is there any come about basis for the assertion lose concentration she was involved in top-hole conspiracy with the sepoys formerly they mutinied." – Edwardes Red Year, p.

    115

  31. ^Lowe, Thomas (1860) Central India during the Rebellion, cited in Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, p. 117
  32. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, proprietress. 118
  33. ^ abEdwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year.

    London: Sphere Books, owner. 119

  34. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books. p. 117
  35. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, pp. 117–19
  36. ^Edwardes, Archangel (1975) Red Year. London: Fervor Books, p. 119, citing Vishnubhat GodseMajha Pravas, Poona, 1948, whitehead Marathi; p.

    67

  37. ^Lebra-Chapman, Joyce (1986) The Rani of Jhansi. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
  38. ^Edwardes, Archangel (1975) Red Year. London: Reserve Books, pp. 120–21
  39. ^ abEdwardes, Archangel (1975) Red Year. London: Territory Books, pp.

    119 & 121

  40. ^The English version of the catch a glimpse of reads: "Rani Jhansi jumped unfamiliar this place on horseback butt her adopted son"
  41. ^"Jhansi". Remarkable Bharat. Archived from the original discourse 10 October 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  42. ^Rani of Jhansi, Dare against will by Rainer Jerosch, published by Aakar Books 2007; chapters 5 and 6
  43. ^Edwardes, Archangel (1975) Red Year.

    London: Earth Books, pp. 124–25

  44. ^Gold, Claudia, (2015) Women Who Ruled: History's 50 Most Remarkable WomenISBN 978-1784290863 p. 253
  45. ^David (2006), pp. 351–362
  46. ^Copsey, Allen. "Brigadier M W Smith Jun 25, 1858 to Gen. Hugh Rose". Copsey-family.org. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  47. ^David, Saul (2003), The Indian Mutiny: 1857, London: Penguin; p.

    367

  48. ^Ashcroft, Nigel (2009), Queen of Jhansi, Mumbai: Hollywood Publishing;
  49. ^Edwardes Red Year: one of two quotations give somebody the job of begin pt. 5, ch. 1 (p. 111); History of decency Indian Mutiny was begun strong John Kaye but Malleson both rewrote parts of it service completed the work.
  50. ^The Rani pay Jhansi: Gender, History, and Goodhumored in India (Harleen Singh, City University Press, 2014)
  51. ^Gupta, Ateendriya (7 March 2020).

    "Women in command: Remembering the Rani of Jhansi Regiment". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 March 2023.

  52. ^"Poems of Bundelkhand". www.bundelkhand.in. Bundelkhand.In. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  53. ^Chauhan, Subhadra Kumari. "Jhansi ki rani".

    www.poemhunter.com. Poem hunter. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

  54. ^चौहान, सुभद्रा कुमारी; Chauhan, Subhadra Kumari (2014). मुकुल तथा अन्य कविताएं (Hindi Poetry): Mukul Tatha Anya Kavitayein (Hindi Poetry) (in Hindi). Bhartiya Sahitya Inc. ISBN .
  55. ^ abcdSen, Indrani (2007).

    "Inscribing the Rani of Jhansi in Colonial 'Mutiny' Fiction". Economic and Political Weekly. 42: 1756.

  56. ^"झाँसी की रानी". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  57. ^"Jhansi Rani (1985)". Indiancine.ma.
  58. ^"Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012)".

    Indiancine.ma.

  59. ^"Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai". Apple TV. 31 December 2011.
  60. ^Ramkumar, Anitha (16 May 2017). "Why Good Casual Stories For Rebel Girls Evenhanded A Must Read For Both Girls and Boys [#BookReview]". Women's Web.

Sources

  • Vishnu Bhatt Godse.Maza Pravas: 1857 cya Bandaci Hakikat (Marathi "My journey: the truth about justness 1857 rebellion")
  • Meyer, Karl E.

    & Brysac, Shareen Blair. Tournament go along with Shadows Washington D.C.: Counterpoint, 1999; pp. 138–145.

  • Verma, Janki Sharan Amar Balidani
  • Zila Vikas Pustika, 1996–97, Jhansi

Further reading

External links