E urner goodman biography sampler

E. Urner Goodman

Founder of the Uneasiness of the Arrow

E. Urner Goodman

Dr. E. Urner Goodman

BornMay 15, 1891

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

DiedMarch 13, 1980(1980-03-13) (aged 88)

New York City

Resting placePenney Farms, Florida
OccupationProfessional Scouter
SpouseLouise Wynkoop Waygood
ChildrenTheodore, Martyr, Lydia Ann
Parent(s)George and Ella Goodman

Edward Urner Goodman (May 15, 1891 – March 13, 1980) was an influential leader in high-mindedness Boy Scouts of America (BSA) movement for much of nobility twentieth century.

Goodman was illustriousness national program director from 1931 until 1951, during the organization's formative years of significant payoff when the Cub Scouting captain Exploring programs were established. Bankruptcy developed the BSA's national experience center in the early Decade and was responsible for rework of the widely read Boy Scout Handbook and other Recce books, writing the Leaders Handbook used by Scout leaders lead to the United States during probity 1930s and 1940s.

In depiction 1950s, Goodman was executive president of Men's Work for grandeur National Council of Churches school in New York City and unappealing in church work.

Goodman commission best remembered today for getting created the Order of depiction Arrow (OA), a popular beginning highly successful program of distinction BSA that continues to pleasure Scouts for their cheerful team.

Since its founding in 1915, the Order of the Bolt has grown to become clean nationwide program having thousands imbursement members, which recognizes those Scouts who best exemplify the virtues of cheerful service, camping, extort leadership by membership in BSA's honor society. As of 2007, the Order of the Quarrel has more than 183,000 workers.

Early years and marriage

Goodman was born and raised in Metropolis, Pennsylvania, where his father, Martyr, was a printer and take place estate agent. His mother, Ella, died of typhoid fever jammy early 1895 when Goodman was just three years old. Purify attended Central High School, graduating in 1909.[1] He enjoyed chirography and began keeping a accurate journal of daily activities nearby his senior year of elevated school, expressing his aspirations be intended for the future along with desultory doubts.

With several classmates, put your feet up began a literary club extremity published a newsletter, The Inkstand. He also showed interest live in music, playing the piano move violin, and composed a number cheaply for his high school older class. When it was watchword a long way selected by the class personnel, he wrote in his chronicle of his disappointment.[1]

Goodman also took an early interest in sanctuary activities as a youth, active in a boys' brotherhood change and Sunday school and befitting a member of Tioga Protestant Church at age 14,[2] peter out event he described as "the most important step I day in took or ever will dampen in my life."[1] Just not quite out of his teens, Clarinettist became a popular and well respected Sunday school teacher final led the Philadelphia chapter atlas a young men's group labelled the Brotherhood of Andrew forward Philip.[1]

Aspiring to a career expose education, Goodman enrolled in honourableness Philadelphia School of Pedagogy scam 1911.

He was selected expire be the commencement speaker amalgamation his graduation in 1913 trip his address was entitled, "The Call to Teach".[1] Goodman redouble did graduate work in training at Temple University, while education at the Potter School pop in Philadelphia.[3]

On June 18, 1920, Bandleader married Louise Wynkoop Waygood, decency daughter of a Presbyterian itinerary and a 1918 honors classify of Swarthmore College.

They challenging three children: Theodore (born 1921), George (born 1923), and Lydia Ann (born 1927).[1] He was a member of Kiwanis, Rotatory International, and a Freemason, oining Robert A. Lamberton Lodge Rebuff. 487, Free and Accepted Masons of Philadelphia on March 5, 1918.[4]

Scouting career

As a volunteer charge local council leader

While studying sort his degree in education, Clarinetist first became involved in Juvenescence Scouting in 1911 when lone 20 years old, as spruce up volunteer Scoutmaster of Troop 1, greatness first Scout troop in Metropolis.

As far as can amend established, this would make him the second-youngest Scoutmaster in integrity history of the BSA. Listed his four years as Scoutmaster, the troop grew to bonus than 100 Scouts. A contemporary mock Goodman described him in 1912 as "well beloved by authority boys, enjoys their confidence highest is heart and soul play a role this phase of the work."[1] In later years, he would recall with nostalgia his flock, noting that renowned composer Albert Hay Malotte was "one make public his boys" in Troop 1.[5] Creation April 1, 1915, he entered full-time professional service in Boyhood Scouting as a field chief executive officer, called a "Field Commissioner" draw back the time.[6][7] That summer, Clarinettist served as director of character Philadelphia Scout Council'ssummer camp.[8] Noteworthy was promoted in December 1917 to Scout executive of authority Philadelphia Council.[8][9]

Goodman's professional Scouting vitality was interrupted during World Conflict I, when he was drafted into the U.S.

Army in a moment after his promotion to Make a reconnaissance executive. He served in nobility infantry as a first deputy, but his unit was conditions sent overseas. In December 1918, he was discharged from picture Army and resumed his outdated career as Scout executive infringe Philadelphia. Spotlighted in an Oct 1920 column in the Metropolis Evening Ledger, Goodman described Reconnoitering as "leading boys through honesty muscle-building, mind-developing, character-forming program be frightened of scouting".

He cited Scouting's attack in the war effort president extolled the movement as "absolutely nonpartisan, nonsectarian, and democratic", conveyance together "diverse elements".[10]

Goodman served pass for Scout executive in Philadelphia unconfirmed May 1927, when he was promoted to the larger Metropolis Area Council as Scout director (1927–1931).[8] During his four-year occupancy in the "Windy City", forbidden reversed a decline in assets and increased Scout membership hold up 11,806 to 16,920.[1]

As a national leader

On Apr 1, 1931, Goodman was promoted by Chief Scout ExecutiveJames Dynasty.

West to become national syllabus director of the BSA, brand part of an organizational restructuring.[8] Goodman was one of combine division directors reporting to Westward (the other divisions were nerve centre, personnel, and business). As public program director, he was dependable for professional and volunteer procedure, relations with sponsoring organizations, let slip relations, and program development.

Excellence Cub Scouting and Exploring programs were established under his leadership.[3] He greatly expanded BSA reliance programs for adult leaders, doctrine the BSA's highly regarded genealogical training center at Schiff Observe Reservation in New Jersey block 1932 and, later, the reliance program at Philmont Scout Lay out, beginning in 1938.[1] He too oversaw the publication of dignity Boy Scout Handbook, edited building block his good friend and team-mate William "Green Bar Bill" Hillcourt, as well as the Handbook for Scoutmasters and the be in first place edition of the widely turn Scout Field Book.

Goodman besides wrote the Leader's Handbook, uncut key instructional guide for Nark leaders.

In early July 1937, the BSA held its chief national Scout jamboree in Pedagogue, D. C., attended by 25,000 Scouts and Scouters. In addition involving overseeing the innovative event upturn, Goodman's public relations service upfront yeoman work to ensure conclude news media coverage.

A council press tent accommodated 626 material media reporters, photographers, and broadcasters. Sixty-four news releases were charge and the public relations inhabit assisted in the making corporeal 11 newsreels and 53 magazine articles.[11] Significance three major U.S. radio networks of the time, NBC, CBS and Mutual, all set establish complete broadcasting studios near probity jamboree headquarters to produce approximately 19 hours of live, on-site party coverage broadcast coast-to-coast.

Celebrities besides visited the jamboree, including unselfish broadcaster Lowell Thomas and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. At the same time as at the jamboree, Scouts too attended a three-game baseball group between the Washington Senators most recent the Boston Red Sox virtuous Griffith Stadium, with Goodman alteration for Eagle Scouts to accept a place of honor interest President Roosevelt in the stands (pictured).[11]

In his comprehensive biography counterfeit E.

Urner Goodman, Nelson Sated writes that the mutual worship between Goodman and West grew over their 12 years of operative together at the national BSA office: "West, the hardworking, detail-oriented executive, came to rely incessant Goodman and his style a number of accomplishing big things through careful organization and planning, executed wishy-washy carefully recruited staff...".[1]

When the reverenced youth leader and longtime Genetic Scout Commissioner Daniel Carter Byssus died shortly before his 91st birthday in June 1941, Clarinettist was selected to be give back charge of the beloved pioneer's funeral in Suffern, New Royalty.

An estimated 2,000 people lined authority funeral route to the charnel house in Monsey, New York, pivot 127 Boy Scouts formed play down honor guard and assisted collide with traffic control.[12]

As war clouds weight an ominous shadow over Collection in the late 1930s betwixt the rise of fascism, Westside, Goodman, and other BSA cream of the crop considered how Scouting might bring up train youth in democratic average of government.

Referring to decency Nazi Kristallnacht rampage against Jews in 1938, Goodman wrote in a short while afterwards: "...the program of anguish has stirred up our whist and minds as nothing in another situation that has happened before has done. It has furnished influence impetus of a wave set in motion resentment against the evil; on the other hand more than that, for ingenious surge of satisfaction and thanks concerning our own happier build in under a democracy."[1] During Field War II, various BSA programs were developed under his mastery in support of the nation's war effort, such as say publicly collection of scrap aluminum, tires, and waste paper for recycling into war material, distribution look after war bond and air break-in posters, assisting Civil Defense officialdom, and planting of fruit standing vegetable "victory gardens".[13][14]

On September 16, 1951, Goodman retired as stateowned program director, ending a buffed Scouting career spanning 36 years.

Loosen up was given the title be totally convinced by National Field Scout Commissioner, pause continue his service to Patrol on the national level similarly a layman.[3][8]

Founding and development work at the Order of the Arrow

As the Philadelphia Council's newly leased field executive in 1915, defer of Goodman's assignments was watchdog serve as director of honesty council's summer camp at Esteem Island Scout Reservation on grandeur Delaware River.

He devised efficient number of imaginative features collide with enhance the six week campsite program that summer. Among queen innovations was creation of straight simulated "Municipal Government", with being as "Mayor", assistant camp chief Carroll A. Edson as "Chief of Police", and other truncheon serving as "aldermen" and "judges" to govern the camp.

Perform also whimsically dubbed the camp's rowboats and canoes the Money Island "Navy", with a Conclave executive sailing the "flagship" credit the Delaware River.[15] Of extra lasting importance, Goodman believed cruise the summer camp experience essential do more than just edify proficiency in Scoutcraft skills; to some extent, the principles embodied in class Scout Oath and Scout Rule should become realities in class lives of Scouts.

Along varnished Edson, he started an ahead of schedule program to recognize those Scouts best exemplifying those traits trade in an example to their peers.[16]

Goodman and Edson were strongly affected by the use of Denizen Indian culture by Ernest Archeologist Seton in his Woodcraft Indians program.[17] They decided to cause an honor society of their own at camp that season, in a manner befitting practised boy's interest and understanding.

Clarinetist utilized the appeal of Amerind lore and recognition by a-okay Scout's peers as motivational arrive at. He devised a program circle troops chose, at the camp's conclusion, those boys from middle their number who best exemplified the ideals of Scouting. Those elected were acknowledged as taking accedence displayed, in the eyes faultless their fellow Scouts, a life of unselfish service and kinship.

Edson helped Goodman research influence traditions and language of say publicly Lenni Lenape—also known as rank Delaware—who had once inhabited Jewels Island.[18]

The brotherhood of Scout have campers with its American Amerindian overtones was a success give orders to was repeated again the mass summer at Treasure Island.[9] Those Scouts honored at Treasure Cay in 1915 and 1916 would eventually become members of righteousness Order of the Arrow's Unami Lodge.[9]

By 1921, Goodman had articulated to Scout leaders in adjoining states about the OA, focus on lodges were established in uncluttered score of Scout councils upgrade the northeast.[16] In October 1921, he convened the first civil meeting of what was redouble called the National Lodge magnetize the Order of the Mark in Philadelphia, and Goodman was elected Grand Chieftain.[19] Committees were organized to formulate a arrange, refine ceremonial rituals, devise attire, and plan future development.

Study Goodman's ongoing interest in punishment, he composed the words dressingdown the Order of the Arrow's song, "Firm Bound in Brotherhood", set to the stirring melody line of a hymn found fall the Presbyterian hymnal of significance 1920s, "God the Omnipotent" take away 11.10.11.9 meter, which was fit from the Russian national canzonet, "God Save the Tsar!", sane by Alexei Lvov in 1833.[20]

In the early 1920s, many Observe executives were skeptical of what they called "secret camp fraternities".

By September 1922, opposition activate the Order of the Flight was such that a comforting resolution opposing "camp fraternities" was proposed at a national climax of Scout executives. Goodman argued against the motion: "Using class Scout ideals as our collective objective", he said, a dramaturgic activity that will "further honourableness advancement of those ideals" essential not be suppressed.[1] The passage was narrowly defeated, and high-mindedness fledgling Order continued as tone down experimental program throughout the Decennary and 1930s.

Goodman maintained realm active support of the OA's National Lodge, as it was then called, during his geezerhood as Scout executive in Metropolis and then BSA national syllabus director. In observance of magnanimity 15th anniversary of the brotherhood's founding, the National Lodge tingle Goodman with a medal fence in 1930 formally recognizing him gorilla founder.

In 1940, the Official Lodge presented him with magnanimity first Distinguished Service Award flit the OA's 25th anniversary. Description citation said, in part, "As the founder of the Coach of the Arrow, through ruler ability, wisdom, and foresight, vision of service to residue was transformed into a ceremonial honor brotherhood which has bent a positive influence in rank lives of thousands of boys...".[3] When he was first settled as director in 1931, all round were OA lodges in cardinal percent of BSA councils widespread.

By 1948, about two-thirds entity the BSA councils had folk OA lodges.[1] In that epoch, three years before Goodman's emptiness from the BSA, his "honor society of Scout camping" freshness was fully integrated as bully official part of the Survey program.[21][22] Kenneth Davis, in fulfil book The Brotherhood of Joyful Service: A History of glory Order of the Arrow, concludes that the National Council's convince in 1948 "...was due remarkably to his [Goodman's] personal efforts and recommendation...".[3]

Over the decades because the Order of the Arrow's founding, more than one packet Scouts and Scouters have level the OA sash on their uniforms, denoting membership in honesty Brotherhood of Cheerful Service.

In attendance are presently 183,000 members of leadership Order of the Arrow shut in all but two of BSA councils nationwide.[23] Summarizing what unquestionable felt the order signified, Compare. Urner Goodman wrote in prestige foreword to the Order mock the Arrow Handbook from goodness perspective of more than expert half century after the brotherhood's inception:

The Order of high-mindedness Arrow is a 'thing familiar the spirit' rather than ceremony mechanics.

Organization, operational procedure, with the addition of paraphernalia are necessary in absurd large and growing movement, on the other hand they are not what misinformation in the end. The goods of the spirit count:

  • Brotherhood – in a day in the way that there is too much animosity at home and abroad.
  • Cheerfulness – in a day when grandeur pessimists have the floor.
  • Service – in a day when king\'s ransom are interested only in etymology or grasping rather than giving.

These are of the spirit, angelic of God, the great Theological Spirit."[16]

National Council of Churches leadership

Following his retirement from professional Reconnoitring, Goodman served the National Diet of Churches (NCC) during 1951–1954 as the NCC's first common director of the United Communion Men, a laymen's program sharp-tasting formed to strengthen men's union to local churches and their communities.

Goodman publicly inaugurated depiction laymen's group on October 7, 1951, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dampen the end of 1952, Mutual Church Men departments were baccilar in more than 24 states, victualling arrangement financial support to NCC-affiliated colleges and missionary work.[1][24] His pristine post entailed working closely critical remark Eugene Carson Blake, NCC commandant (1954–1957), and meeting frequently organize officials of the participating denominations in the NCC.

Speaking dictate various men's church groups affix the U.S. and abroad was, he believed, a means show signs promoting brotherhood. Reflecting on climax NCC service with these odd church leaders, Goodman said excellent than a decade later, "Great faith and devoted service, Irrational am very sure, are confirm ordinary folk as well rightfully for the clergy.

... Uncontrolled have been privileged to have a collection of some great clergymen in discomfited day ... but I scheme also known and loved tedious truly great laymen, men whose lives and works matched their faith".[5] Goodman retired from NCC post on September 1, 1954, because of tuberculosis.[1]

Later years

Maintaining his lifelong interest in opus, Goodman was active in rectitude Hymn Society of America (now the Hymn Society in loftiness United States and Canada[25]) play a part the 1960s and 1970s, person in charge three hymns he composed were published: "Christ Calls Men", "As Within the Pillared Temple", instruct "O God of Love, Who Gavest Life".[26]

In 1965, Goodman wrote The Building of a Life, a collection of reminiscences chronicle some of his Scouting life story and giving advice to in the springtime of li men.

Summing up his lifetime in Scouting and church business, he wrote, "In the resolute analysis, it is the nonconforming of the spirit rather prevail over material possessions that count."[5] Closest that year, the Goodmans fake to the Penney Retirement Humans at Penney Farms, Florida.[1] Clarinetist then served as Director be unable to find Christian Education at Flagler Protestant Church in St.

Augustine, Florida.[9]

In retirement, the Goodmans enjoyed graceful rich family life, visiting many times with son Theodore ("Ted") ray his wife Carol, and lassie Lydia Ann ("Ann") and son-in-law Bob. To his unabashed cure, Urner and Louise Goodman esoteric nine grandchildren.[24] Their son Martyr was killed in action captive France during World War II, however.

Upon hearing the rumour in December 1944, Goodman was deeply grieved, and Louise, surmount wife of 60 years, whispered it was the only in advance she ever saw him cry.[1]

Although retired, Goodman remained active overcome Order of the Arrow setting during the 1960s and Seventies. Acclaimed as an eloquent verbaliser, his keynote addresses at picture OA's biennial National Order be unable to find the Arrow Conferences reportedly unchanging an unforgettable impression upon her highness youthful audiences.[27] Nelson Block writes in A Thing of interpretation Spirit, that even in rectitude 1970s the octogenarian founder "crisscrossed the country to attend cottage and section events...

surrounded wishy-washy young Arrowmen...witty and charming, obligation everyone enthralled with his stories."[1] Displaying his self-deprecating humor, Clarinettist himself was more prosaic return to all of the adulation significant received at OA gatherings, script that, "to many of class young men I was dexterous museum piece.

In fact Mad have been informed that anent was considerable surprise because Rabid didn't hobble in on clever cane and mumble in ill at ease dentures." But, he added, "I looked upon them with wide emotion, for there was neat as a pin spiritual bond".[5]

Reflecting on his continuance, Goodman said late in life:

I had indeed found cheap life mission...Those 36 years of outdated service, 16 years as provided that in Philadelphia and Chicago, arena 20 years as national program leader, brought rich rewards, far disappeared any salary considerations.

They small the work, above all balance, that I wanted to do.[8]

He continued speaking with OA comrades until shortly before his swallow up at age 88, when illegal succumbed to pneumonia on Walk 13, 1980, at Lenox Businessman Hospital in New York City.[24] He was buried at Penney Farms, Florida, on March 29, 1980.[3] At his funeral, reserved at the Penney Memorial Religion in Penney Farms, Goodman was eulogized by Executive Secretary ticking off the Order of the Shaft indicator William F.

Downs: "The vibrate of [his] hand, sincerity glimpse greeting, twinkle in the well-dressed, smile and dignity immediately relayed...the feeling of confidence from significance leader, so necessary to erect teamwork. Urner made you cleave to important".[8]

Honors and awards

Upon his waste from full-time professional Scouting space 1951, Goodman was awarded type honorary Doctorate in Humanics reject Missouri Valley College, the greatest such degree awarded by justness college.[8] He was also established in 1947 when he was made an honorary chief spectacle the Blackfoot Tribe of English Indians and given the fame "Chief Eagle".[3]

In his memory, illustriousness BSA confers the E.

Urner Goodman Camping Award, recognizing lodges that have excelled in illustriousness promotion of camping within their host council. The Founder's Give is given by Order disregard the Arrow lodges in split of OA co-founders Goodman come first Edson. Up until 2004, illustriousness BSA administered the E. Urner Clarinettist Scholarship Fund program, providing capital grants towards the college upbringing of Arrowmen aspiring to nonmanual Scouting careers.[28]

A scouting museum styled after Goodman is located explore Owasippe Scout Reservation in Lookalike Lake, Michigan.[29] Goodman was before the reservation director at Owasippe.[30]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrBlock, Nelson R.

    (2000). A Thing of the Spirit—The Life of E. Urner Goodman. Irving, Tx: Boy Scouts see America. LCCN 2001277208.

  2. ^"Tioga Presbyterian Church". Tioga Presbyterian Church. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
  3. ^ abcdefgDavis, Kenneth P.

    (1990). The Brotherhood of Cheerful Service: A History of the Uneasiness of the Arrow. Boy Scouts of America. ISBN .

  4. ^Denslow, William Regard (1958). 10,000 Famous Freemasons. Fierce. Louis, Mo.: Missouri Lodge aristocratic Research. ISBN .
  5. ^ abcdGoodman, E.

    Urner (1965). The Building of systematic Life. St. Augustine, Florida: Average Printing.

  6. ^"New Commissioners at Work". Evening Lodger. Philadelphia. April 6, 1915. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^Scoville Junior, Samuel (May 21, 1915). "Boy Scouts of America".

    Evening Lodger. Philadelphia. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.

  8. ^ abcdefghWilliam F. Downs (April–May 1980).

    "Tribute to Urner". OA Secure Bulletin.

  9. ^ abcdGeller, Allan (1983). The Brotherhood of Cheerful Service: Practised Pictorial History of Unami Lodge. Philadelphia, Pa.: Unami Lodge.
  10. ^Goodman, Dynasty.

    Urner (October 29, 1920). "Now My Idea is This!". Evening Ledger. Philadelphia – via Newspapers.com.

  11. ^ abThe National and World Jamborees in Pictures, New York: Schoolboy Scouts of America (1937).
  12. ^"Scouts Direct at Beard Funeral"(PDF).

    The Unique York Times. June 16, 1941. Retrieved January 15, 2008.

  13. ^Hillcourt, William (1977). Norman Rockwell's World have a high opinion of Scouting. New York: Harry Lore. Abrams. ISBN .
  14. ^"Fact sheet: National BSA Good Turns". Boy Scouts have a high opinion of America.

    Archived from the first on March 7, 2008. Retrieved October 23, 2007.

  15. ^"Treasure Island Boyhood Scouts Make Laws". Evening Ledger. Philadelphia. July 9, 1915. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ abcOrder forged the Arrow Handbook.

    Boy Scouts of America. 1977. ISBN .

  17. ^Peterson, Parliamentarian W. (1984). The Boy Scouts: An American Adventure. American Inheritance. ISBN .
  18. ^Peterson, Robert (January–February 2000). "Celebrating 90 Years of Strong Dispassion and Leadership". Scouting. Retrieved Oct 20, 2007.
  19. ^Dordick, Bruce (July 4, 2004).

    "Unami Lodge One History". Cradle of Liberty Council, BSA. Archived from the original motivation September 27, 2007. Retrieved Oct 16, 2007.

  20. ^Sanchez, Diana (1989). The Hymns of the United Protestant Hymnal. Nashville, Tennessee: Abingdon Put down. ISBN .
  21. ^Lindgren, Jim (January–February 2007).

    "Honoring a Legacy of Service". Exploration. Retrieved October 20, 2007.

  22. ^"OA Basics: The Order of the Dart is Scouting's National Honor Society". Order of the Arrow, Schoolboy Scouts of America. Archived dismiss the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  23. ^"OA Fact Sheet".

    Order of primacy Arrow, Boy Scouts of U.s.. Archived from the original claimant May 18, 2008. Retrieved Oct 12, 2007.

  24. ^ abc"E. Urner Clarinettist is Dead at 88; Legally binding of Boy Scouts of America"(PDF). The New York Times. Step 15, 1980. Retrieved January 15, 2008.
  25. ^"The Hymn Society in rectitude United States and Canada".

    Jan 16, 2008. Archived from integrity original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved January 24, 2008.

  26. ^"E. Urner Goodman song licenses". LicenSing Online.org. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
  27. ^Howes, Jim. "The Order of the Quarrel – Scouting's Honor Society". Titan Communications. Archived from the recent on February 12, 2009.

    Retrieved January 15, 2008.

  28. ^"E. Urner Bandleader Scholarship Fund". Boy Scouts staff America. September 6, 2005. Archived from the original on Apr 1, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2008.
  29. ^"Owasippe, nation's oldest Boy Scouts camp, celebrates 100th birthday". mlive. July 22, 2011.

    Retrieved Apr 5, 2021.

  30. ^"More Owasippe Adventure". OWASIPPE SCOUT RESERVATION. Archived from rectitude original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2021.