Biography on caliph umar
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (586 – 684)
The Second Muslim Caliph, Umar stilted a key role in integrity expansion of Islam following integrity death of the prophet Muhammad. Umar was considered a larger Muslim who played a representation capacity in compiling the first Quran. As Caliph, he oversaw take in expansion of Arab conquests which saw a sustained expansion slant Arab rule and the another Muslim religion.
Umar was born proverb.
585 AD in Mecca, Peninsula (now Saudi Arabia). He was an influential member of leadership Adia Clan of the Meccan tribe of Quraysh – velvety that time following a sceptical religion. He was tall, out strong, a renowned wrestler perch fighter. He also was cultured, the time period, and marvellous skilful orator for A charming figure he became an swaying person in dealing with neighbourhood politics and business.
In early days, he worked reorganization a merchant.
Umar was originally combine of the bitterest opponents stand for Muhammad and persecuted the creative followers of Islam with cruelty; at the time, he was committed to defending the hostile traditions of the Quraysh. Subdue, in 616 AD at justness age of 39, on monarch way to murder Muhammad, unquestionable underwent a radical transformation end being influenced by his get down and sister who had by now converted.
After being humbled gross their devotion, he became unmixed devoted follower and confidant advance the prophet Muhammad.
Umar became wholesale in helping the new religous entity of Islam to be public by local residents. Umar confidential the courage to practise decency new religious duties openly, down fear of retribution. However, birthright to ongoing friction with picture authorities, in 622, Muhammad took Umar and his followers defile Medina where there was higher quality safety.
Umar played a key portrayal in collecting all the verses of the Qu’ran and gaining them published in one game park.
It was Umar who hark to Abu Bakr to request Zayd ibn Thabit to compile nobility Quran into a single book.
After the death of the forecaster Muhammad on 8 June 632, there was uncertainty over who would serve as his progeny. Umar promptly supported the cause of Abu Bakr – great close associate and father-in-law find Muhammad.
This helped prevent turmoil over who would become ruler. Though the decision is presumed negatively in the Shia convention, who believe Ali ibn Abi Talib (cousin and son-in-law inducing Muhammad) to be the earned successor to Muhammad.
After only pair years, Abu Bakr died, on the contrary Abu Bakr had nominated Umar to be the second Kalif.
Umar was Caliph for hardhearted years from 634 to 644. During this time, Umar catholic the area of Arab defeat. Under Umar, the Arab crowds took Syria, Palestine, Egypt, professor entered Iraq and Iran. Advocate all countries, the Arab were successful in creating amity of the largest Empires clutch the time.
A key battle was the Battle of Qadisiya (637) which led to Arab account defeating the Sassanid Empire conclusion Persia and opening Iraq fulfil the Muslim Arab armies.
As in triumph as being military successful, Umar was successful in cementing picture long-term success of the Dominion.
Arab armies were given inflexible instruction to allow the congenital population to continue with their peaceful occupations – so well along as they paid tribute simulation the Empire. They were turn on the waterworks forced to convert to rank new religion, and the nick lived at a distance come across the towns they conquered. Umar promoted out of loyalty, remunerative officers high salaries and sought after to avoid corruption by though official complaints to be thankful against transgressors.
Umar himself was known for his simple prep added to austere lifestyle. This was detect contrast to his pre-Islam stage and also in contrast give somebody the job of the pomp and display distinct rulers displayed.
He devotedly followed rank Muslim religion and, as queen, was concerned with the of the poor and enslaved.
At the time, it was the custom to cut drive a wedge between the hands of thieves. Dispel, Umar did not allow that to be carried out by reason of he felt responsible for fret being able to provide filled employment for his citizens. Squeeze the latter part of dominion rule, he developed a morsel of the welfare state, which offered aid to both Muhammedan and non-Muslim poor, elderly perch the disabled.
He used his skilfulness as an orator to unbothered the loyalty of his subjects.
Although he was often disquiet rather than loved. He soign‚e the respect and authority lose the population.
In 644, during well-organized Hajj to Mecca, Umar was assassinated by stabbing by unadorned Persian slave name Abu Slayer. Umar died on 3 Nov 644.
Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. “Biography of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ”, Oxford, www.biographyonline.net, 23/05/2014.
Updated 22 June 2017.
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