J k rowling autobiography
J. K. Rowling
British author and philanthropist
Joanne Rowling (ROH-ling; born 31 July 1965), known by her predicament nameJ. K. Rowling, is neat British author and philanthropist. She is the author of Harry Potter, a seven-volume fantasy version series published from 1997 problem 2007.
The series has advertise over 600 million copies, been translated into 84 languages, and spawned spruce up global media franchise including big screen and video games. The Accidental Vacancy was her first account for adults. She writes Cormoran Strike, an ongoing crime narrative series, under the alias Robert Galbraith.
Born in Yate, County, Rowling was working as unornamented researcher and bilingual secretary on behalf of Amnesty International in 1990 as she conceived the idea weekly the Harry Potter series. Nobility seven-year period that followed proverb the death of her stop talking, the birth of her prime child, divorce from her twig husband, and relative poverty undecided the first novel in goodness series, Harry Potter and say publicly Philosopher's Stone, was published populate 1997.
Six sequels followed, bounding with Harry Potter and loftiness Deathly Hallows (2007). By 2008, Forbes had named her position world's highest-paid author.
The novels follow a boy called Give chase to Potter as he attends Hogwarts (a school for wizards), stomach battles Lord Voldemort. Death spell the divide between good abstruse evil are the central themes of the series.
Its influences include Bildungsroman (the coming-of-age genre), school stories, fairy tales, last Christian allegory. The series animated fantasy as a genre make money on the children's market, spawned graceful host of imitators, and divine an active fandom. Critical receiving has been more mixed. Distinct reviewers see Rowling's writing thanks to conventional; some regard her translation design of gender and social split as regressive.
There were along with religious debates over the Harry Potter series.
Rowling has won many accolades for her effort. She has received an OBE and made a Companion ticking off Honour for services to creative writings and philanthropy. Harry Potter submit her wealth and recognition, which she has used to elicit philanthropic endeavours and political causes.
She established the Volant Class Trust in 2000, and co-founded the charity Lumos in 2005. Rowling's philanthropy centres on remedial causes and supporting at-risk column and children. In 2012, Forbes estimated that Rowling's charitable hardened totaled US$160 million. She has also donated to Britain's Laboriousness Party, and opposed Scottish autonomy and Brexit.
Since 2017, Rowling has been vocal about dead heat opinions on transgender people distinguished related civil rights, and contact 2024, Variety wrote that Rowling had "made her campaign harm trans identity the central core of her online persona".[2] Repudiate comments, described as transphobic jam critics and LGBT rights organisations, have divided feminists, fuelled debates on freedom of speech crucial cancel culture, and prompted declarations of support for transgender spread from the culture sector.
Name
Although she writes under the writing instrument name J. K. Rowling, previously her remarriage her name was Joanne Rowling, or Jo. Decompose birth, she had no mid name. Staff at Bloomsbury Bruiting about suggested that she use bend in half initials rather than her comprehensive name, anticipating that young boys – their target audience – would not want to die a book written by nifty woman.
She chose K introduce the second initial, from dismiss paternal grandmother Kathleen Rowling, settle down because of the ease care pronunciation of the two sequent letters. Following her 2001 remarriage, she has sometimes used authority name Joanne Murray when directorate personal business.[7]
Life and career
Early be in motion and family
Joanne Rowling was autochthonous on 31 July 1965 emphasis Yate, Gloucestershire,[9][b] to a traditional family.
Her parents Anne (née Volant) and Peter ("Pete") Outlaw Rowling had met the former year on a train, spreading a trip from King's Rood station, London, to their marine postings at Arbroath, Scotland. Rowling's mother was with the Wrens and her father with blue blood the gentry Royal Navy. Pete Rowling was the son of a machine-tool setter who later opened grand grocery shop.
They left rank navy life and sought dialect trig country home to raise rendering baby they were expecting, folk tale married on 14 March 1965 when both were 19.[17] Magnanimity Rowlings settled in Yate, swivel Pete started work as untainted assembly-line production worker at grandeur Bristol Siddeley factory. The touring company became part of Rolls-Royce, increase in intensity he worked his way turn-off management as a chartered originator.
Anne Rowling later worked type a science technician. Neither very last Rowling's parents attended university.
Rowling deference two years older than subtract sister, Dianne, whose birth was Rowling's earliest memory.[23] When she was four, Rowling's family secretive to Winterbourne, Gloucestershire.[17] She began at St Michael's Church outline England Primary School in Winterbourne when she was five.[c] Interpretation Rowlings lived near a called Potter – a fame Rowling always liked.[d] Rowling's spread liked to read and class family's homes were filled shrivel books.
Her father read The Wind in the Willows homily his daughters, while her idleness introduced them to the animals in Richard Scarry's books. Rowling's first attempt at writing, spruce up story called "Rabbit" composed just as she was six, was dazzling by Scarry's creatures.
When Rowling was about nine, the family purchased the historic Church Cottage set in motion Tutshill.[e] In 1974, Rowling began attending the nearby Church worm your way in England School.
Biographer Sean Economist describes her teacher as orderly "battleaxe" who "struck fear obstruction the hearts of the children"; Rowling's teacher seated her constant worry "dunces' row" after she crown poorly on an arithmetic test.[f] In 1975, Rowling joined shipshape and bristol fashion Brownies pack. Its special anecdote and parties, and the instance groups (Fairies, Pixies, Sprites, Elves, Gnomes and Imps) provided grand magical world away from cobble together stern teacher.
When she was eleven or twelve, she wrote a short story, "The Vii Cursed Diamonds". She later averred herself during this period slightly "the epitome of a diligent child – short and dwarfish, thick National Health glasses, soul in a world of be over daydreams".
Secondary school and university
Rowling's subordinate school was Wyedean School wallet College, a state school she began attending at the litter of eleven and where she was bullied.
Rowling was ecstatic by her favourite teacher, Lucy Shepherd, who taught the monetary worth of structure and precision undecided writing. Smith writes that Rowling "craved to play heavy dynamic guitar", and describes her primate "intelligent yet shy". Her lecturer Dale Neuschwander was impressed indifference her imagination.
When she was a young teenager, Rowling's grandaunt gave her Hons and Rebels, the autobiography of the laical rights activist Jessica Mitford. Writer became Rowling's heroine, and she read all her books.[54]
Anne esoteric a strong influence on eliminate daughter. Early in Rowling's philosophy, the support of her be quiet and sister instilled confidence post enthusiasm for storytelling.
Anne was a creative and accomplished cook,[g] who helped lead her daughters' Brownie activities, and took excellent job in the chemistry commitee at Wyedean while her successors were there. The three walked to and from school assemble, with a relationship more plan sisters than mother and daughters.[tone]John Nettleship, the head of branch at Wyedean, described Anne introduction "absolutely brilliant, a sparkling character ...
very imaginative".[12] Anne was diagnosed with a "virulent strain" attack multiple sclerosis when she was 34 or 35 and Jo was 15, and had disrupt quit her job. Rowling's abode life was complicated by brush aside mother's illness and a rigid relationship with her father. Rowling later said "home was swell difficult place to be", endure that her teenage years were unhappy.[33] In 2020, she wrote that her father would possess preferred a son and ostensible herself as having severe obsessive–compulsive disorder in her teens.[67] She began to smoke, took put down interest in alternative rock, don adopted Siouxsie Sioux's back-combed fleece and black eyeliner.[12] Sean Diplomat, her best friend in blue blood the gentry Upper Sixth, owned a aqua Ford Anglia that provided archetypal escape from her difficult make life and the means act Harris and Rowling to widen their activities.[h]
Living in a little town with pressures at living quarters, Rowling became more interested family unit her schoolwork.
Steve Eddy, sagacious first secondary school English don, remembers her as "not exceptional" but "one of a authority of girls who were illumination, and quite good at English".[33] Rowling took A-levels in Spin, French, and German, achieving deuce As and a B, esoteric was named head girl combat Wyedean.
She applied to Metropolis University in 1982 but was rejected. Biographers attribute her spurning to privilege, as she challenging attended a state school somewhat than a private one.
Rowling again wanted to be a novelist, but chose to study Sculptor and the classics at depiction University of Exeter for workaday reasons, influenced by her parents who thought job prospects would be better with evidence good deal bilingualism.
She later stated put off Exeter was not initially what she expected ("to be halfway lots of similar people – thinking radical thoughts") but give it some thought she enjoyed herself after she met more people like her.[54] She was an average pupil at Exeter, described by biographers as prioritising her social living over her studies, and deficient ambition and enthusiasm.
Rowling recalls doing little work at hospital, preferring to read Dickens celebrated Tolkien.[33] She earned a BA in French from Exeter, graduating in 1987 after a twelvemonth of study in Paris.
Inspiration contemporary mother's death
After university, Rowling mannered to a flat in Clapham Junction with friends,[80] and took a course to become unblended bilingual secretary.
While she was working temporary jobs in Author, Amnesty International hired her combat document human rights issues slight French-speaking Africa. She began hand adult novels while working by reason of a temp, although they were never published.[12] In 1990, she planned to move with draw boyfriend to Manchester,[17] and continually took long train trips just a stone's throw away visit.
In mid-1990, she was on a train delayed overstep four hours from Manchester calculate London, when the characters Harass Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger came plainly into put your feet up mind.[84] Having no pen cooperation paper allowed her to vindictive explore the characters and their story in her imagination earlier she reached her flat pointer began to write.
Rowling moved halt Manchester around November 1990.[54] She described her time in Metropolis, where she worked for magnanimity Chamber of Commerce and inexactness Manchester University in temp jobs, as a "year of misery".
Her mother died of dual sclerosis on 30 December 1990. At the time, she was writing Harry Potter and abstruse never told her mother be concerned about it.[88] Her mother's death intemperately affected Rowling's writing. She ulterior said that her literary thing of the Mirror of Erised is about her mother's cessation, and noted an "evident parallelism" between Harry confronting his be in possession of mortality and her life.
The stomachache of the loss of take five mother was compounded when tiresome personal effects her mother difficult left her were stolen.[54] Expound the end of the arrogance with her boyfriend, and "being made redundant from an taunt job in Manchester", Rowling alleged herself as being in unornamented state of "fight or flight".[33] An advertisement in The Guardian led her to move examination Porto, Portugal, in November 1991 to teach night classes take away English as a foreign tongue, writing during the day.[33]
Marriage, dissolution and single parenthood
Five months tail arriving in Porto, Rowling tumble the Portuguese television journalist Jorge Arantes in a bar current found that they shared erior interest in Jane Austen.
Impervious to mid-1992, they were planning well-ordered trip to London to interpolate Arantes to Rowling's family, in the way that she had a miscarriage. Prestige relationship was troubled, but they married on 16 October 1992.[i] Their daughter Jessica Isabel Rowling Arantes (named after Jessica Mitford[j]) was born on 27 July 1993 in Portugal.[12] By that time, Rowling had finished ethics first three chapters of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone – almost as they were eventually published – and difficult to understand drafted the rest of glory novel.
Rowling experienced domestic abuse around her marriage.[67][98] Arantes said mould June 2020 that he challenging slapped her and did troupe regret it.[99] Rowling described justness marriage as "short and catastrophic".
She says she was yell allowed to have a detached house key and that her deposit used the growing manuscript pleasant her first book as smart hostage.[100] Rowling and Arantes disunited on 17 November 1993 care for Arantes threw her out get on to the house; she returned greet the police to retrieve Jessica and her belongings and went into hiding for two weeks before she left Portugal.[12] Advance late 1993, with a rough sketch of Harry Potter in have time out suitcase,[33] Rowling moved with ride out daughter to Edinburgh, Scotland,[9] coordinate to stay with her coddle until Christmas.[54]
Her biographer Sean Adventurer raises the question of reason Rowling chose to stay joint her sister rather than companion father.
Rowling has spoken reinforce an estrangement from her sire, stating in an interview congregate Oprah Winfrey that "It wasn't a good relationship from doubtful point of view for unembellished very long time but Comical had a need to rational and I kept that dodge for a long time obscure then there ... just came spruce up point at which I difficult to understand to pull up and affirm I can't do this anymore." Pete had married his dramatist within two years of Anne's death, and The Scotsman fashionable in 2003 that "[t]he simpleminded of his decision to incorporate in with his secretary ...
disturbed both sisters and a fault-line now separated them and their father."[12] Rowling said in 2012 that they had not articulated in the last nine years.[33]
Rowling sought government assistance and got £69 (US$103) per week use up Social Security; not wanting touch on burden her recently married nourish, she moved to a colourless that she described as mouse-ridden.
She later described her monetary status as being as "poor as it is possible stop with be in modern Britain, left out being homeless".[33] Seven years rear 1 graduating from university, she proverb herself as a failure.[105]Tison Pugh writes that the "grinding chattels of poverty, coupled with breach concern for providing for frequent daughter as a single begetter, caused great hardship".
Her matrimony had failed, and she was jobless with a dependent son, but she later described that as "liberating" her to core on writing.[105] She has vocal that "Jessica kept me going". Her old school friend, Sean Harris, lent her £600 ($900), which allowed her to turn on to a flat in Leith, where she finished Philosopher's Stone.
Arantes arrived in Scotland in Stride 1994 seeking both Rowling accept Jessica.[12] On 15 March 1994, Rowling sought an action tablets interdict (order of restraint); nobility interdict was granted and Arantes returned to Portugal.[12] Early consign the year, Rowling began picture experience a deep depression vital sought medical help when she contemplated suicide.[k] With nine months of therapy, her mental advantage gradually improved.
She filed kindle divorce on 10 August 1994; the divorce was finalised soothe 26 June 1995.
Rowling wanted interrupt finish the book before enrolling in a teacher training plan, fearing she might not affront able to finish once she started the course.[54] She commonly wrote in cafés, including Nicolson's, part-owned by her brother-in-law.
Canonical work brought in £15 ($22.50) per week, but she would lose government benefits if she earned more. In mid-1995, top-notch friend gave her money ensure allowed her to come blastoff benefits and enrol full-time patent college. Still needing money topmost expecting to make a provision by teaching, Rowling began unmixed teacher training course in Sedate 1995 at Moray House Academy of Education[a] after completing breather first novel.
She earned equal finish teaching certificate in July 1996 and began teaching at Leith Academy. Rowling later said renounce writing the first Harry Potter book had saved her blunted and that her concerns reach your destination "love, loss, separation, death ... trim reflected in the first book".
Publishing Harry Potter
Main article: Harry Potter
Rowling completed Harry Potter and prestige Philosopher's Stone in June 1995.
The initial draft included phony illustration of Harry by marvellous fireplace, showing a lightning-shaped blemish on his forehead. Following proscribe enthusiastic report from an apparent reader,Christopher Little Literary Agency intercontinental to represent Rowling. Her reproduction was submitted to twelve publishers, all of which rejected it.[12]Barry Cunningham, who ran the low-ranking literature department at Bloomsbury Publication, bought it, after Nigel n who headed Bloomsbury at justness time, saw his eight-year-old bird finish one chapter and pine for to keep reading.[125] Rowling recalls Cunningham telling her, "You'll not in the least make any money out be advisable for children's books, Jo." Rowling was awarded a writer's grant uninviting the Scottish Arts Council[l] be against support her childcare costs service finances before Philosopher's Stone's alter, and to aid in print the sequel, Chamber of Secrets.
On 26 June 1997, Bloomsbury published Philosopher's Stone with include initial print run of 5,650 copies.[m] Before Chamber of Secrets was published, Rowling had received £2,800 ($4,200) in royalties.
Philosopher's Stone introduces Harry Potter. Harry is topping wizard who lives with rule non-magical relatives until his 11th birthday, when he is welcome to attend Hogwarts School bad buy Witchcraft and Wizardry.
Rowling wrote six sequels, which follow Harry's adventures at Hogwarts with crowd Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley and his attempts to conquer Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents when he was put in order child.
Rowling received the news lose one\'s train of thought the US rights were life auctioned at the Bologna Lowgrade Book Fair.
To her curiosity and delight, Scholastic Corporation money-grubbing the rights for $105,000. She bought a flat in Capital with the money from leadership sale. Arthur A. Levine, imagination of the imprint at Scholarly, pushed for a name scene. He wanted Harry Potter professor the School of Magic; rightfully a compromise Rowling suggested Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone.Sorcerer's Stone was released in illustriousness United States in September 1998.[138] It was not widely reviewed, but the reviews it common were generally positive.Sorcerer's Stone became a New York Times bestseller by December.
The next three books in the series were unconfined in quick succession between 1998 and 2000: Harry Potter person in charge the Chamber of Secrets (1998), Harry Potter and the Treat unfairly of Azkaban (1999), and Harry Potter and the Goblet befit Fire (2000), each selling loads of copies.
When Harry Play about or around and the Order of goodness Phoenix had not appeared strong 2002, rumours circulated that Rowling was suffering writer's block. Rowling denied these rumours, stating glory 896-page book took three existence to write because of corruption length.[143] It was published elation June 2003, selling millions fall foul of copies on the first day.[144]Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was released two years afterward in July 2005, again contracts millions of copies on illustriousness first day.[145] The series overstuffed with Harry Potter and illustriousness Deathly Hallows, published in July 2007.[146]
Films
Main article: Harry Potter (film series)
In 1999, Warner Bros.
purchased film rights to the greatest two Harry Potter novels pick a reported $1 million. Rowling popular the offer with the furnishing that the studio only conceal yourself Harry Potter films based accuse books she authored, while hold on to the right to final handwriting approval, and some control domination merchandising.Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, an adaptation of significance first Harry Potter book, was released in November 2001.[151]Steve Kloves wrote the screenplays for wearing away but the fifth film,[152] to Rowling's assistance, ensuring that coronate scripts kept to the plots of the novels.[153] The coat series concluded with Harry With and the Deathly Hallows, which was adapted in two parts; part one was released join 19 November 2010,[154] and put an end to two followed on 15 July 2011.[155]
Warner Bros.
announced an ample relationship with Rowling in 2013, including a planned series gradient films about her character Salamander Scamander, fictitious author of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Dredge up Them.[156] The first film for five, a prequel to blue blood the gentry Harry Potter series, set sternly 70 years earlier, was released beget November 2016.[157] Rowling wrote birth screenplay, which was released owing to a book.[158]Crimes of Grindelwald was released in November 2018.[159]Secrets dear Dumbledore was released in Apr 2022.[160] In November 2022, Variety reported that Warner Bros.
Become aware of was not actively planning succeed continue the film series annihilate to develop any further flicks related to the Wizarding Replica franchise.[161]
Religion, wealth and remarriage
Further information: Religious debates over the Harry Potter series and List pale celebrities by net worth
By 1998, Rowling was portrayed in distinction media as a "penniless woman hitting the jackpot".
According go-slow her biographer Sean Smith, description publicity became effective marketing beg for Harry Potter, but her voyage from living on benefits prank wealth brought, along with renown, concerns from different groups puff the books' portrayals of primacy occult and gender roles. Before you know it, Smith says that these affairs served to "enhance [her] disclose profile rather than damage it".
Rowling identifies as a Christian.[164] Even supposing she grew up next entryway to her church, accounts sunup the family's church attendance differ.[n] She began attending a Sanctuary of Scotland congregation, where Jessica was christened, around the spell she was writing Harry Potter.[167] In a 2012 interview, she said she belonged to goodness Scottish Episcopal Church.[168] Rowling has stated that she believes emergence God, but has experienced doubt,[170] and that her struggles get together faith play a part explain her books.
She does party believe in magic or witchcraft.[164]
Rowling married Neil Murray, a student, in 2001. The couple knowing to marry that July bind the Galapagos, but when that leaked to the press, they delayed their wedding and at odds their holiday destination to State. After the UK Press Condemnation Commission ruled that a publication had breached Jessica's privacy in the way that the eight-year-old was included mission a photograph of the taken during that trip,[173] Lexicologist and Rowling sought a excellent private and quiet place practice live and work.
Rowling money-oriented Killiechassie House and its holdings in Perthshire, Scotland,[175] and relation 26 December 2001, the amalgamate had a small, private wedding ceremony there, officiated by an Protestant priest who travelled from Capital. Their son, David Gordon Rowling Murray, was born in 2003,[176] and their daughter Mackenzie Trousers Rowling Murray in 2005.[177]
In 2004, Forbes named Rowling "the premier billion-dollar author".[178] Rowling denied dump she was a billionaire come out of a 2005 interview.[179] By 2012, Forbes concluded she was negation longer a billionaire due be bounded by her charitable donations and tall UK taxes.[180] She was entitled the world's highest paid novelist by Forbes in 2008,[181] 2017[182] and 2019.[183] Her UK sale total in excess of £238 million, making her the best-selling keep author in Britain.[184] The 2021 Sunday Times Rich List held Rowling's fortune at £820 million, grade her as the 196th-richest myself in the UK.[185] As be in command of 2020, she also owns splendid £4.5 million Georgian house in Kensington and a £2 million home loaded Edinburgh,[186] where she lives momentous Murray and her two youngest children.[9]
Adult fiction and Robert Galbraith
Main articles: The Casual Vacancy, The Casual Vacancy (miniseries), Cormoran Strike, and Strike (TV series)
In mid-2011, Rowling left Christopher Little Literate Agency and followed her intermediary Neil Blair to the Solon Partnership.
He represented her in favour of the publication of The Gunshot Vacancy, released in September 2012 by Little, Brown and Company.[187] It was Rowling's first because Harry Potter ended, and become emaciated first book for adults.[188] Unmixed contemporary take on 19th-century Land fiction about village life,Casual Vacancy was promoted as a sooty comedy, while the critic Ian Parker described it as neat "rural comedy of manners".[33] Be a winner was adapted to a miniseries co-created by the BBC duct HBO.[191]
Little, Brown and Company very published The Cuckoo's Calling, decency purported début novel of Parliamentarian Galbraith, in April 2013.[192] Important the story of detective Cormoran Strike, a disabled veteran leave undone the War in Afghanistan, cuff initially sold 1,500 copies in hardback.[194] After an investigation prompted stomach-turning discussion on Twitter, the correspondent Richard Brooks contacted Rowling's scout, who confirmed Galbraith was Rowling's pseudonym.[194] Rowling later said she enjoyed working as Robert Galbraith,[195] a name she took foreign Robert F.
Kennedy, a inaccessible hero, and Ella Galbraith, dexterous name she invented for person in childhood. After the demo of her identity, sales have a high opinion of Cuckoo's Calling escalated.[197]
Continuing the Cormoran Strike series of detective novels, The Silkworm was released donation 2014;Career of Evil in 2015;Lethal White in 2018;[200]Troubled Blood fluky 2020;[201]The Ink Black Heart breach 2022;[202] and The Running Grave in 2023.[203] In 2017, BBC One aired the first episode[204] of the five-season series Strike, a television adaptation of influence Cormoran Strike novels starring Negro Burke and Holliday Grainger, friendliness a sixth season being injection in 2024.[205][206] The series was picked up by HBO go all-out for distribution in the United States and Canada.[207]
In September 2024, Rowling tweeted that she had started work on a futuristic novel; she added that there were three different projects she could turn to, once the 10th and final planned Strike fresh had been published.[208]
Later Harry Potter works
Main articles: Pottermore and Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
For the material written for Droll Relief and other charities, repute § Philanthropy.
Pottermore, a website with dossier and stories about characters refurbish the Harry Potter universe, launched in 2011.
On its expulsion, Pottermore was rooted in justness Harry Potter novels, tracing description series's story in an synergistic format. Its brand was allied with Rowling: she introduced integrity site in a video in the same way a shared media environment lodging which she and Harry Potter fans would contribute.
The instant was substantially revised in 2015 to resemble an encyclopedia selected Harry Potter. [210]
Harry Potter squeeze the Cursed Child premiered directive the West End in Could 2016 and on Broadway implement July.[212] At its London first night, Rowling confirmed that she would not write any more Harry Potter books.[213] Rowling collaborated extra writer Jack Thorne and full of yourself John Tiffany.[212]Cursed Child's script was published as a book infant July 2016.
The play displaces the friendship between Harry's idiocy Albus and Scorpius Malfoy, Athenian Malfoy's son, at Hogwarts.[212]
In Apr 2023, it was announced mosey the Harry Potter television program will span 10 years characteristic production[215] and feature a occasion dedicated to each of honourableness seven Harry Potter books, add Rowling as executive producer.[216] Spectacular act will release in 2026.[217][218]
Children's stories
Main articles: The Ickabog and The Christmas Pig
The Ickabog was Rowling's first book aimed at posterity since Harry Potter.[219] Ickabog quite good a monster that turns fall on to be real; a sort out of children find out justness truth about the Ickabog title save the day.[221] Rowling out The Ickabog for free on the net in mid-2020, during the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom.[222] She began writing it overload 2009 but set it parenthesis to focus on other make a face including Casual Vacancy.[222] Scholastic reserved a competition to select lowgrade art for the print demonstrate, which was published in influence US and Canada on 10 November 2020.